4946
Radwa Hassan Mohamed Ahmed El-Akad
A Phytochemical and Biological study of Brachychiton acerifolius (A. Cunn. ex G. Don) Macarthur Family Malvaceae
Brachychiton acerifolius- Malvaceae - Phytochemical study- Flavonoids & Triterpenes- UPLC/PDA/ESI/MS- Multivariate data analysis- GC/MS- Biological activity. /
Brachychiton acerifulius (Family Malvaceae) was formerly known as Sterculia acerifolia (family Sterculiaceae). The genus is reported for various chemical constituents & biological activities while little information is available on B. acerifollzs, thus this thesis aimed at its phytochemical & biological investigation. Phytochemical screening of leaf, flower and seed samples revealed the presence of flavonoids, terpenes/sterols, tannins and carbohydrates in all organs, whereas, alkaloids were detected exclusively in seeds. The amino acids analysis of leaf detected the presence of 8 amino acids in free form, the major of which were serine (Sfl mgllm g sample), phenyl alanine (A+A mg 100 g sample) and alanine (756 mg/100 g sample). While upon hydrolysis; 14 amino acids were detected including glutamic acid (339.5 mg/100 g sample), aspartic acid Q32 mg/100 g samfle) & isoleucine (?59 mg[}O g sample). GC/MS analysis of volatile content in leaves identified 50 compounds constituting 87.07 Vo, the major of which were oleamide (2L.57 7o), palmitic acid (6.25 Vo), squalene (5.4lTo), phytol @.68Vo) & eugenol (3.49 7o). UPLC/PDA/ESI-qTOF-MS detected 56 peaks derived from leaves, flowers & seeds including 30 flavonoids, 2 anthocyanins, 6 phenolic acids & 8 fatty acids. A total of 10 phenolic compounds were quantified including luteolin and kaempferol conjugates, naringenin glucuronide & pelargonidin-O-glucoside. Multivariate data analyses using PCA and OPLS-DA showed clear classification of samples in score plots indicating that the three samples are chemically distinct. Loading plots revealed that the discriminating metabolites were pelargonidin glucoside, naringenin glucuronide and kaempferol4-rutinoside in flowers and apigenin rhamnosyl glucuronide, luteolin glucuronide and apigenin glucuronide in leaves. GC/MS analysis of unsaponifiable matter identified 25 compounds (79.39 Vo) in leaves including BIff (20.9aVo) & fiamyrin (L3.4%o), & 28 compounds in seeds (84.96 %) including BHT $a.a97o) & /-sitostercl (l2.8Vo). GC/MS analysis of fatty acids methyl esters detected 32 & 39 compounds in leaf and seed samples consituting 88.28Vo and 91,.95Vo, respectively, with common major FA in leaf & seed: methyl linoleate (38.86 & 18.5 Vo), methylpalmitate (18.96 & 32.5 Vo) and methyl oleate (1.4.82 & 24.82 7o). Phytochemical study of petroleum ether & 70Vo ethatol leaf extracts resulted in isolation of three triterpenes: P-amyrin, squalene & lupeol-3-acetate and nine flavonoids: apigenin-7-O-rhamnosyl (1-+2) glucuronide, rutin, luteolin-7-O-glucuronide, apigenin-7-Oglucoside, apigenin-7-O-glucuronide, quercetin, kaempferol, luteolin & apigenin. Identification was based on physicochemical parameters & spectral analyses (UV, IR, MS, 1D & 2D NMR). For biological activity screening, in vitro anti-oxidant activity DPPH assay was conducted for leaf, flower and seed crude extracts & leaves recorded the highest scavenging activity (IC5s=9.915 mg/ml). Acute toxicity (LDso) was determined for crude and successive (petroleum ether, ethyl acetate, 70Vo ethanol) leaf extracts at 100, 2OO &.500 gm/kg B.wt. and no deaths were recorded, thus were considered safe for in ylvo studies. Crude leaf extract recorded potent in vivo anti-diabetic activity after 4 weeks of treatment compared to successive extracts and diamicron reference drug with significant decrease in blood glucose by 84.8% & o-amylase by 55.7Vo. It showed as well potent anti-hyperlipidemic activity after 9 weeks of treatment compared to lipanthyl reference drug with significant decrease in cholesterol, LDL, triglycerides & total lipids by 66%,72.3Vo,13.8Vo & 44.8Vo, respectively while HDL was significantly increased by 5O4Vo. Results of liver & pancreatic histopathological study and the blood liver function enzymes and oxidative stress markers showed no signs of toxicity or damage. Crude leaf extract showed no in vitro cytotoxic activity, unlike two of its isolated co
2015
M.Sc
Cairo
Pharmacy