5134
Yasser Abd El-Aziz Ahmed Ibrahim El-Damarawy
Removal of Heavy Metals from Wastewater by Biochar Derived from Agricultural Wastes
Removal, Heavy Metals, Wastewater, Biochar, rice husk
The Nile River is the main source of water resources in Egypt and these resources are characterized with limited where the Egypt's share of Nile water, 55.5 billion cubic meters a year, and studies suggest that the construction of a dam Renaissance Ethiopian will affect Egypt's water resources and consume the agricultural sector alone, 85% of these resources as well to the need for the industrial sector. There is a large increase in the population density and is offset by the decrease in per capita water where Egypt entered the water poverty stage with less per capita than 1000 cubic meters per year. To meet the requirements of this population increase, we need to expand the agricultural area to fill the gap between production and consumption as well as the country's plan to reclaim and to add new land and expansion in the industrial sector. In the recent decades, water pollution has become a serious problem particularly in developing countries resembling Egypt. Both the environment and human health are exposed to hazards of different pollutants such as heavy metals and organic compounds which are discharged from industrial wastewaters and agricultural pollution into aquatic systems.The disposal of heavy metals comes from a variety of human activities like chemical manufacturing, painting and coating, mining, extractive metallurgy, nuclear and other industries.Metals such as Cd, Ni, Hg, As, Cu, Pb, Zn, etc., have a harmful effect on human physiology and other biological systems. Cadmium, Copper, Lead and Nickel are considered to be the most toxic metals in the environment. Many treatment processes that have been used to remove heavy metals from wastewater include precipitation and coagulation, ion exchange, electro dialysis, membrane filtration, flotation, reverse osmosis, and adsorption. But these methods present several disadvantages like high energy and chemical requirements, low efficiency and usually produce large amounts of sludge, Among these several chemical and physical methods of adsorption, the adsorption onto activated carbon has been found to be superior to other techniques because of itscapability for adsorbing a broad range of different types of adsorbates efficiently, and its simplicity of design. Activated carbon (AC) has been the most used adsorbent, nevertheless it is relatively expensive. Searching for low-cost and easily available adsorbents to remove heavy metal ions have become a main research focus. To date, hundreds of studies on the use of low-cost adsorbents have been published. Agricultural wastes, industrial byproducts and wastes and natural substances have been studied as adsorbents for the heavy metal wastewater treatment. There are a number of biomass sources, such as forest residues, low grade plants, agricultural residues and municipal solid wastes, which can be utilized for activated carbon precursor
2015
Ph.d
Alexandria
Agriculture