5174
Shaimaa El-Sayed Mohammed El-Sayed
Functional Ingredients and Health Benefits of Pumpkin Seed Oil: A Comparative Study of an European and an Egyptian Variety
Inflammation–oxidative stress-adjuvant arthritishyperlipidemia- cardiovascular disease-in-vitro tests-in-vivo evaluation- antioxidant-cancer-genetic abnormalities.
Introduction: The aim of the present work was to study the potential beneficial effects of both Egyptian and European pumpkin seed oils (PSOs) towards cardiovascular disease (CVD) and chronic inflammation in rat models. In-Vitro antioxidant and anticancer effect of both oils was evaluated. Methods: Total phenolic, tocopherols, β-carotene were evaluated in pumpkin oils. GLC analysis of the unsaponifiable (UNSAP) lipid fraction and fatty acids were also carried out. In-Vivo study was carried out by examining the hypocholesterolemic effect of both pumpkin oils in rats fed hypercholesterolemic diet. In addition the potential antiinflammatory activity of both PSOs in in-vivo study was evaluated in chronic adjuvant arthritic (AA) model. Results: Showed that the European oil possess much higher phenolic content, tocopherols and β-carotene compared to the Egyptian one. Linoleic and palmitic acids were the major unsaturated and saturated fatty acid, respectively in both PSOs with the superiority of the Egyptian oil concerning linoleic acid content than the European oil. Phytosterols in GLC analysis revealed to be 43.60 and 5.60 % and the hydrocarbons to be 30.45 and 7.38 % in European and Egyptian pumpkin oil, respectively. In the in-vitro study; Egyptian PSO showed higher antioxidant activity.Both oils were shown to possess anticancer activity towards three types of cancer cell lines (breast, colon and liver). In in-vivo study, hypercholesterolemic diet produced significant elevation in plasma lipid profile andmalondialdehyde (MDA) (oxidative stress biomarker) with concomitant reduction in level of the antioxidant vitamin E and adiponectin concentration. Egyptian and European pumpkin oils was shown to improve the aforementioned parameters significantly. Total food intake was significantly reduced in PSOs treated groups compared to normal and hypercholesterolemic control groups. In AA model, significant elevation was shown in tumor necrosis factoralpha (TNF-α) and Erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) as inflammatory biomarkers and MDA with reduction in total antioxidant capacity (TAC). Egyptian and European oils produced improvement in inflammatory biomarker oxidative stress. European variety was superior in inhibition of inflammation size compared to the Egyptian oil. Arthritic control group had the least food efficiency ratio. Genotoxicity was induced in bone-marrow through chromosomal aberration in addition to sperm shape abnormalities and liver DNA fragmentation in arthritic control rats. The cytogenetic changes were reduced by treatment with both PSOs. Finally, it is to be noted thathigher doses from each PSO type were shown to be more efficient than low doses in improving most adverse effects. It can be concluded that the European PSO was much more efficient than the Egyptian PSO in all the previously mentioned tests except for the in-vitro antioxidant activity that could be due to its high % of USFA linoleic acid.
2016
Ph.d
Ain Shams
Science