5016
Rabeh Abd El-Haq Mohamed El-Shesheny
Factors affecting infection and pathogenesis of avian influenza H5N1 virus
infection / pathogenesis / influenza
Influenza, commonly known as flu, is an infectious disease caused by a group of influenza viruses which have been the causative agents responsible for epidemics and pandemics around the world. Influenza viruses belong to the family of Orthomyxoviridae. In 1996, H5N1 HPAIV was first identified as the causative agent of geese outbreak in Guangdong Province, China. Since 2003, HPAI H5N1 viruses spread to other countries and gradually developed into a global issue. Clade 2.2 H5N1 viruses emerged in Egypt in 2006 (Saad et al., 2007). In 2008, H5N1 was declared to be endemic in Egypt and the viruses in this country were re-classified as clade 2.2.1 (WHO/OIE/FAO, 2009). The endimicity of H5N1 viruses in Egypt was due to several factors related to vaccines, vaccination strategy, lax biosecurity measures, and presence of the virus in different poultry sectors The H5N1 situation in Egypt is alarming. Egypt is among the countries with the highest number of human infections and fatalities due to zoonotic H5N1 infections (203 cases, 72 deaths, 35.5% (CFR)) (WHO, 2015), also Indonesia has more laboratory-confirmed human infections reported to WHO until 2013 (194 cases, 162 deaths, 83.5% CFR) (WHO, 2013), globally, From 2003 through January 2015, 718 laboratory-confirmed human cases of avian influenza A(H5N1) virus infection have been officially reported to WHO from 16 countries. Of these cases, 413 have died (WHO, 2015).
2015
Ph.d
Ain Shams
Science