5668
Sherin Kamal Mohamed Ali
Optimization of Silymarin Extraction and Recovery of Value Added
Products from Silybum mariaum L. Growing in Egypt
Silybum marianum L., fixed oil, leaves, chemical investigations, cancer
chemopreventive, NQO1; anti-inflammatory; iNOS, anti-microbial activity and
Molecular docking.
Silybum marianum L., commonly known as ‘milk thistle’ is belonging to the family Asteraceae. It is an annual or biennial plant, native to the Mediterranean area, North Africa, the Middle East and in some parts of USA. It grows wild but can also be cultivated. This study presents the cultivation of the plant in Wadi Elsheeh, Assiut governorate, Egypt. The oil was prepared from the seeds by three different methods including organic solvent extraction, cold press method and ultra-sound assisted extraction. GC/MS analysis of the fatty acids compostion of the prepared oils revealed linoleic acid is the most abundant in both cold pressed and ultrasound assisted oil samples (30.27, 46.69 %); respectively. where oleic acid was the major fatty acid in the oil sample prepared by organic solvent extraction (28.16 %). Silymarin was prepared using different oraganic solvents. Acetonitrle gave the highest yield of silymarin. Also, the storage of the seeds decreased the concentration of silymarin as shown by HPLC analysis. The effect of seeds particle size was investigated where a smaller particle size of seeds has led to higher extraction yield. Two different seeds sources, seeds cultivated in Egypt and seeds purchased from Germany, were compared with respect to their silymarin content. No significant difference was observed in silymarin yield and composition as shown by HPLC analysis. HPLC analysis of the methylene chloride/methanol (1:1) extract of the plant leaves revealed that the most abundant phenolic acid was gallic acid (0.838 mg/g) while naringenin was the major flavonoid (0.955mg/g). HPLC analysis showed presence of silybin and taxifolin during different growth stages of leaves. Phytochemical investigation of the methylene chloride/methanol (1:1) and methanol/water (7:3) extracts of the air-dried plant leaves resulted in isolation and characterization of six compounds (Cholesterol, Stigmasterol, Apigenin-7-O-β-Dglycoside, Kaempferol, Naringin and Luteoline-7-rhamnoglucoside). The extracts of the plant leaves as well as the oil showed strong antimicrobial activity against staphylococcus epedrmidis. The total alcoholic extract from leaves caused a moderate, NAD (P) H-quinone oxidoreductase1 protein induction and inducible nitric oxide synthase protein expression inhibition. Molecular docking showed compounds neosilyhermin B and taxifolin could have the potency to mimic the action of indomethacin and 4promo isoflavone with target proteins for antioxidant and anti-inflammatory.
2020
Ph.d
Ain Shams
Science